During the 2015 International Association for Dental Research (IADR) General Session & Exhibition held at the Hynes Convention Center in Boston, Massachusetts, Dr. Na Tian PhD 14, was nominated as an IADR Hatton Award Finalist for her project, “Salivary Proline-rich Proteins and Gluten: Do Structural Similarities Suggest Immunogenicity in Celiac Disease?” She presented this work during the final poster session of the meeting, which was held on March 14, 2015. Dr. Tian was mentored by Associate Professor in the Department of Molecular & Cell Biology Dr. Eva Helmerhorst.
The focus of Dr. Tian’s research at Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine (GSDM) was the role of oral bacteria and proteins in the pathogenesis of celiac disease. Celiac disease is a gastrointestinal disorder caused by an immune response to ingested gluten. Dr. Tian and her colleagues have studied the structural similarities between a group of salivary proteins called “proline-rich proteins” and gluten, and explored the potential role of this group of salivary proteins in celiac disease. They also investigated the gluten-degrading activities of resident oral microorganisms.
The study found that Rothia mucilaginosa, a natural microbial inhabitant of the oral cavity, effectively cleaves gluten (gliadin) proteins at regions that are resistant to degradation by mammalian digestive enzymes. This is an important finding since these enzymes could potentially lead to therapeutic applications for the treatment of this autoimmune disease. Dr. Tian was able to demonstrate through her research that Rothia enzymes cleave gluten into small fragments that have strongly reduced immunogenicity as compared to the longer fragments. She also showed that these fragments are much less prone to be deamidated by the enzyme tissue transglutaminase, a key step in the pathomechanism of celiac disease. Overall, the results showed that oral bacteria can have functions that are beneficial to the host, or can be exploited as such. The discovered enzyme activities of Rothia open promising new avenues for developing novel therapies to neutralize the deleterious effects of gluten in celiac disease patients. The results of this study were published in the American Journal of Physiology – Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology in October 2014 in an article titled, “Effect of Rothia mucilaginosa enzymes on gliadin (gluten) structure, deamidation, and immunogenic epitopes relevant to celiac disease.” Co-authors on this paper included Research Assistant Professor in the Department of Molecular & Cell Biology Dr. Guoxian Wei, Director of Molecular and Translational Medicine at Mainz University Medical Center in Germany Dr. Detlef Schuppan, and Dr. Helmerhorst.
Dr. Tian also gave a presentation on her work during the 2014 Science Day event, where she won an award in the Post-doctoral Student Oral Presentation category.
“Congratulations to Dr. Na Tian on her nomination as a finalist for this award and for her part in this outstanding work,” said Dean Jeffrey W. Hutter. “The impact of this research could prove beneficial for sufferers of this disease.”